John henry william ortmann



(No Model.)

J. H. W. ORTMANN. PROCESS OF PASTEURIZING LIQUIDS.

No. 603,920. Patented May 10,1898..

THE Ncmms vzrzns covv wuorouwa. wnsumnfun. n c,

iiNrrnn JOHN HENRY WILLIAM o TMANN, 0F HAMBURG, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR TO HERMAN LEONHARDT, or sAME PLACE.

PROCESS OF PASTEURIZING LIQUIDS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 603,920, dated May 10, 1898.

Application filed October 28,1896. Serial No. 610,378. (No specimens.) Patented in Norway March 21, 1895, No. 4,376; in Germany June 10,1895, No. 82,470; in Sweden February 13,1896, No. 6,685; in Denmark May18, 1896, No. 537; in Belgium October 25, 1896, No. 123,700; in Austria January 28, 1897, No. 47/305; in Canada March 10, 1897, No. 55,220; in Hungary April 23,1897, No. 8,104, and in England June 5, 1897,11'0. 1,203.

T0 at whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, JOHN HENRY WILLIAM ORTMANN, machinist, of 9 Gothenstrasse, Hamburg, in the German Empire, have invented a new or Improved Process of Pasteurizing Liquids, (for which I have obtained Letters Patent in the following countries: Austria, No. 47/305, granted January 28, 1897; Hungary, No. 8,104, granted April 23, 1897; England, No. 1,203, granted June 5, 1897; Belgium, No. 123,700, granted October 25, 1896; Canada, No. 55,220, granted March 10, 1897; Germany, No. 82,470, granted June 10, 1895; Sweden, No. 6,685, granted February 13, 1896; Norway, No. 4,376, granted March 21, 1895, and Denmark, No. 537, granted May 18,1896 and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same.

This invention is an improved method or process of pasteurizing beer and other liquids containing gases; and its object is to effectively pasteurize the liquid (preferably on its way from the storage-vat to the receptacles from which it is ordinarily dispensed) and at the same time cause it to completely reabsorb or assimilate all the gases which are or may be separated therefrom by the heat in the pasteurizing process. This object is effected by passing the liquid to be pasteurized through a system of vertically-arranged undulating pipe coils or bends, in which it is first heated to the requisite degree and then cooled. The gas separated by the action of the heat collects in the upper bends of the undulating pipes, is carried down in the descending legs of the pipes by the liquid flowing through them, and then rises again in bubbles through the liquid in the ascending pipes. This process continues until the whole of the separated gas has been reabsorbed by the liquid. Loss of gas is by this means completely avoided, and the liquid remains as fully charged with gas after the pasteurization has-been eifected as before.

The accompanying sheet of drawings illustrates an apparatus for pasteurizing beer arranged and constructed in accordance with my invention, and therein Figure 1 is a horizontal section through the apparatus. Fig. 2 is a vertical transverse section therethrough. Fig. 3 is a side elevation,

tem or worm, through which the liquid is concentigrade by water supplied throughthe and Figs. 4 and 5 show certain details of construction.

The apparatus consists of three principal partsnamely,a pasteurizer A,a water-cooler 5 5 B, and an ice-cooler G. Each of these parts consists of a tank or vat provided with a series of undulating pipes connected together by connecting-pipes into a continuous sys- 6 O ducted. The three tanks or vats may be placed at suitable distances from each other, as shown. All three tanks are filled with water. The contents of the tank A are then heated to and maintained at a temperature of from 75 to 95 centigrade by means of steam supplied through a pipe 9 and steam-distributing apparatus f. The contents of tank B are maintained at a temperature of about 15 pipe 2', and the contents of the tank 0 are maintained at 0 centigrade by means of ice, as shown. The inlet end of the pipe system in tank A is connected by a pipe 5 with the storage-vat. (Not shown.)

The beer is forced from the storage-vat by suitable means into and through the abovedescribed apparatus. hen the above-mentioned degree of heat has been attained in the tank A, the tap h is opened. The beer then enters the pipe r of the tank A and is raised ,to a pasteurizing temperatu re,which is shown by the thermometer t. The beer then passes through the tap h into the pipes r of the tank B and is there cooled to a temperature of from 15 to 20 centigrade, which is shown by the thermometer t. The cooled beer then passes through the tap 71. into the pipes r of the icedwater tank 0 and is there cooled to a temperature of about 5 centigrade, which is about the temperature at which it should have left the storage-vat. The thermometer t servesto indicate this temperature. The now pasteurized beer can be withdrawn through the tap 72. into casks or into a filling-machine, whence it can be drawn off into bottles, or it may be passed through'a filter or be otherwise dealt with.

The connecting-pieces 7t for the pipes r W1" are arranged outside the tanks, so that by removing the said connecting-pieces the said pipes can be readily got at for cleaning purposes. The construction of these connectingpieces is clearly shown in Fig. 4. The manner of fixing the thermometers in the pipes is shownin Fig. 5.

I do not claim per se the arrangement of pipe-coils.

An undulating arrangement of pipes is necessary in carrying out my invention, as it is necessary that the gas be trapped at or in the upper parts of the undulating portions of each pipe, while the lower bends of the pipes will remain filled with liquid.

I have found in attempting to pasteurize beer in ordinary apparatuses that the gases liberated by the heat being lighter than the liquid fly ahead of the liquid and remain separate therefrom, and in a horizontal layer of pipe there would be a current of gas and a current of liquid flowing side by side through the pipe, the gas being on top. In order to break up and intermingle these currents, so as to cause the liquid to reabsorb the gas, I found that by making the horizontal sections of the pipe-coils undulating the gases separated from the liquid in the pasteurizer would be arrested at the top of the bends and in order to get ahead it would have to descend through the liquid in the lower bends and in doing so would be commingled with the liquid and more or less absorbed thereby, so that toward the end of the system of undulating pipes no gas would remain separated from the liquid if a sufliciently lengthy coil be used. By continuing the undulating coils through the cooler and refrigerator I am enabled to cause the liquid to completely reabsorb the gases, and-the decanted beer is as lively after pasteurization by my process in my apparatus as it was when leaving the storage-vat. This result has never before been realized, and therefore I believe myself en titled to protection on my process and apparatus as herein described and claimed. I

The undulations of the pipes are preferably so formed that the proper flow of liquid and gases will not be retarded, but the gases will be forced along through the liquid from one undulation to the other, and the length of the system of pipes is such that prior to the exit of the beer the gases are completely reabsorbed.

In order to efficiently operate my process, the apparatus employed must have a sufficient number and length of bends to effectively produce a reabsorption of the gases by .the liquid. These bends should not be so great as to require an excessive pressure upon the liquid in order to force it therethrough, but they should be of such size and so nu merous that the gas evolved will be retarded in the pipes and not allowed to rush ahead of the liquid and escape, butwill be divided into numerous small quantities which will be trapped in the numerous bends and thus subjected to the action of the liquid flowing through the pipes. In the first bends, of course, there would probably be more gas trapped, because of the greater evolution of gas in thepasteurizing part of the apparawith the liquid, and consequently caused to commingle therewith in descending or ascending through the bends, or the liquid partially flows through the gases in the bends and in either case absorbs part of such liquid, so that although the gases are or may be shifted from bend to bend along with the moving liquid flowing through the set of pipes, yet more and more of the gas is absorbed by the liquid until eventually no free gas remains in the pipes, and the beer or liquid finally decanted or drawn off has no free gas remaining in it. Thus the process may be said to consist in retarding the flow of the gases and dividin g them into numerous small bodies, each of which is subjected to the presence of and commingled with the passing fluid, by which the free gases are absorbed. This process will be readily distinguished from other merely decanting or refrigerating apparatus having pipe bends or coils in which the gases can either rush ahead of the liquid or collect in such quantities that it would escape with the liquid, because the gas is neither sufficiently retarded nor subdivided or sufficient bends employed to cause the complete absorption of the gas by the liquid.

I might add that the drawings are merely diagrammatical of the apparatus and do not show a sufficient number of bends to practically accomplish my process; but with the foregoing description any one skilled in the art would be enabled to practice my process and realize the beneficial results of my invention.

Having thus described my invention,what I therefore claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent thereon, is-

The herein-described process of pasteurizing beer and other carbonated liquids consisting in passing the liquid through a lengthy system of connected horizontal pipes with vertical und ulations, said system being heated at one end and cooled at the other end, the liquid being admitted into the heated part of said pipes so as to pasteurize it, and said liquid being then passed on through the undulations of the pipes, whereby any gas freed from the liquid is retarded in its flow by the bends and divided into numerous small portions which are trapped in the upper part of the undulations of the pipes and therein subjected to and commingled with the liquid flowing through the pipes, until the gas is reabsorbed by the liquid and the latter cooled, substantially as and for the purpose described.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of two witnesses.

CARL WILHELM CORNELIUS HERBZ,

GUSTAV WIBER. 

